Generally, tea refers to leaves of Camillia Sinensis plant.
Black Tea: Fully oxidized tea
OoLong Tea: Partially oxidized tea
Green Tea: tea not oxidized
White Tea: tea not oxidized ; leaves selected from newly grown tea plant.
Chai Tea: Black Tea with spices ( Example: cinnamon, ginger), and usually with milk
Herbal infusions: technically it's not from tea plant. They are infusions of herbs and flowers; no caffeine of course, since caffeine comes from tea leaves)
Fruit infusions: also this is not from tea plant. They are infusions of fruits; no caffeine
Rooibos (red bush) tea, usually Red Tea: This is technically not a tea, but a herbal infusions. It is made of fermented or unfermented leaves of Aspalathus Linearis plant; not from the 'normal' tea (Camillia Sinensis) ; high in anti-oxidant ; lacks caffeine.
Scented Tea: Tea scented with flowers/ fruits ... For example Earl Grey refers to black tea scented with Bergamot.
Further notes:
Do not mix up scented tea and infused tea. For example -
Peppermint Scented Tea is different from Peppermint Infused Tea. Peppermint scented tea refers to tea leaves (camillia sinensis plant) scented with peppermint; whereas Peppermint infused tea refers to peppermint leaves infused in water.
Some pictures of tea taken at Tea Chapter:




This is white tea, by the way.
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